• An associate of Ras Behari Bose, Sanyal organized a revolt by the soldiers of 7th Rajput Regiment in the United Provinces.
• He was the founder member of Hindustan Republican Association and was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Kakori Conspiracy Case in 1925.
Sachidananda Sinha
• A lawyer and educationist from Bihar, Sinha joined Congress in 1899 as a moderate leader.
• He participated in the Home Rule League Movement and served as a member of Executive Council of Government of Bihar and Orissa in 1921.
• He held the post of Vice-Chancellor of Patna University from 1936 to 1944.
• He was the Interim President of the Indian Constituent Assembly.
• He published the journal, ‘Indian Nation’ and edited ‘Hindustan Review’.
Subhash Chandra Bose
• He passed the Indian Civil Services Examination in 1920 in England but left it on Gandhiji's call of NCM.
• Founded the Independence for India League with JL Nehru.
• Elected as the President of INC at its Haripura Session (1938) and Tripuri Session (1939) hut resigned from Tripuri due to differences with Gandhiji.
• He founded the Forward Block (1939) and Kisan Sabha.
• He escaped to Berlin in 1941 and met Hitler. He took the charge of Indian Army (Azad Hind Fauz) in 1943 in Singapore and set up Indian Provisional Government there.
• He addressed Mahatma Gandhi as the “Father of the Nation.”
• He supposedly died in a plane crash in 1945.
• Slogans — “Dilli Chalo” and “Jai Hind”.
• Autobiography — ‘The Indian Struggle’.
Sarojini Naidu
• Popularly known as the “Nightingale of India”, was a nationalist and poetess from Uttar Pradesh.
• She was married to Dr Govindarajulu Naidu in 1893.
• Under the guidance of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, she became the first woman to participate in India's struggle for independence.
• She participated in the Dandi March with Gandhiji and presided over the Kanpur Session of Congress in 1925.
• She was the first woman to become the Governor of Uttar Pradesh State.
• Her famous poetries include - The Golden Threshold (1905), The Feather of the Dawn; The Bird of Time (1912) and The Broken Wing (1917).
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
• An educationalist from Tamil Nadu. Radhakrishnan was associated with many educational institutions in India.
• He served as the Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University (1931) and Banaras Hindu University (1942).
• He gave lectures on theology and philosophy in the universities of Chicago, Manchester, London and Oxford, among others.
• He was the leader of the Indian delegation to UNESCO from 1946-50, its chairman in 1948 and President of UNESCOs University Education Commission in 1952.
• He was also appointed as the Vice-President of International PEN.
• In 1962, he represented the Calcutta University at the Congress of Philosophy at Harvard University.
• He was twice elected as the Vice-President of India (1952-56 and 1957-62) and served as the President of the nation from 1962 to 1967.
• His birthday (5th September), is celebrated as ‘Teacher’s Day'.
• His works include — The Ethics of the Vedanta and its Material Presupposition (1908); The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore (1918): Idealistic view of Life (1932); Eastern Religion and Western Thought: Indian Philosophy and Kalki on the Future of Civilization.
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
• He was a poet, scholar, social worker, historian, and one of the earliest revolutionaries from Maharashtra.
• He founded the Mitra Mela (Assembly of friends) in 1889 and renamed it as the Abhinav Bharat, Society (New India Society) in 1904.
• He founded the Free India Society in London in 1906.
• He described the Revolt of 1857 as the first war or independence in his book, ‘Indian war of Independence’.
• He was arrested for his involvement in Nasik Conspiracy Case.
• He was elected as the President of the Hindu Mahasabha in 1937.
Vallabhbhai Patel
• A freedom fighter and social reformer from Gujarat, he is popularly known as Sardar Pater and honoured with the title of “The Iron Man of India”.
• His father, Jhaverbhai Pate), is supposed to have fought in the army of Rani of Jhansi in the Revolt of 1857.
• He started the Kheda or Kaira Satyagrah in 1918 and fought for the rights of the peasants in Bardoli Satyagrah. Here, he was honoured with the title “Sardar”.
• He was the first national leader to be arrested during the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• He participated in Gandhi’s Individual Satyagrah and Quit India Movement.
• In the post-independence period, he was appointed as the First Deputy Prime Minister of India along with the portfolios of the Information and Broadcasting and Home Ministry.
• He played a major role in integrating the 562 states in the Indian Union.
Vithalbhai Patel
• A freedom fighter from Gujarat and elder brother of Vallabhbhai Patel, Vithalbhai rebelled against the leadership of Gandhiji over the abortion of the NCM and formed the Swarajya Party.
• He was elected for the Central Legislative Assembly in 1923.
• He rejoined Congress upon the declaration of Poorna Swaraj but after the end of Salt Satyagrah, he became a fierce critic of Gandhi and a strong ally of Subhas Chandra Bose.
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