INTRODUCTION:
✓A through review of the historical sources and the available literature on Himachal Pradesh revealed that the people of hills have always resisted the foreign intrusions and rule.
✓Raja Bidhi Chand (A.D.1585) of Kangra organised a federation of all the hill chiefs in A.D.1588-89 against the supremacy of the Mughal Emperor Akbar.
✓The Rajas of Jasrota and Jaswan led another rebellion against the oppressors in A.D.1594-95
✓Nurpur chief Raja Basu (A.D.1580-1613), his son Raja Jagat Singh (A.D.1619-1646 ), and grandson Raja Rajrup Singh ( A.D.1646-1661) also revolted against the Mughal authority of Akbar, Jahangir and Shahjahan respectively.
✓In A.D. 1814-15 during the Gurkha war, the hill chief's confedration fought against Gurkhas to oust them.
✓In August A.D.1848, under Wazir Rạm Singh Pathania, Nurpur was the first hill state to revolt against the British paramountacy. He capurted the Shahpur fort and continued to fight against the imperialism but he was let down by one of his friends, Pahar Chand, when he was arrested and banished to Singapore, where he passed his last days.
✓In November, 1848 the Rajas of Kangra, Jaswan and Datarpur also rose in rebellion, but they were soon defeated and sent to Almora (Uttrakhand) as political prisoners.
✓In A.D.1857 during the so called First War of Independence, Raja Shamsher Singh of Rampur-Bushahr kept back his tribute, offered no aid and even refused ordinary supplies to the British.
✓In A.D.1857 a battalion of British army stationed at Jutogh, which mainly consisted of hill Rajputs and Gurkhas, revolted against the British. Subedar Bhim Singh also revolted along with his platoon at Kasauli and reached Jutogh. But ultimately revolt was crushed.
✓In A.D.1859 the people of Rampur-Bushahr revolted against the high handedness of the government officials in recruiting the labour force.
✓In A.D.1862 and A.D.1876 the people of Suket state revolted against the ruler and his minister Narottam.
✓in A.D. 1876 the people of Nalagarh rose against its minister Ghulam Qadir Khan.
✓It would be worthwhile to mention here that the idea of Indian National Congress was conceived by Mr. A.O. Hume at Roothney Castle, Shimla.
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