Important personalities and their contribution in Indian History - Part- 3

• He was a famous revolutionary activist, member of the Hindustan Republican Association and leader of the Hindustan Social Republican Army.

• He gained his titleAzadduring the Non Co-operation Movement when he was arrested and the court asked his name, he repeatedly answered “Azad”.

• He was involved in the following:- 

1) Kakori Conspiracy of 1925.

2) Lahore Conspiracy.

3) The Delhi Conspiracy.

4) Killing of Saunders in Lahore

5) Central Assembly bomb episode.

• He shot himself while fighting with the police at Alfred Park in Allahabad.

C. Rajagopalachari


• He was a politician and lawyer from Tamil Nadu.

• He gave up his practice during NCM.

• He held the post of the General-Secretary of the INC in 1921-1922 and was a member of Congress Working Committee from 1922 to 1924.

• He hoisted the CDM in Tamil Nadu* and was arrested for leading a Salt March from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam on the Tanjore coast.

• He was elected as the Chief Minister of Madras in 1937 Elections.

• He resigned from INC in 1942 for not accepting the Cripp’s Proposal.

• He prepared the "CR Formula" * for Congress-League Co-operation.

• He served as the Governor of Bengal (August-November 1947) and was the first and last Indian Governor-General of India* (1948-50).

• He became the Minister of Home Affairs in the country’s first Cabinet.

• He founded the Swatantra Party in 1959*. 

• His rational ideas are reflected in the collection Satyameva Jayate.

• He was awarded the ‘Bharat Ratna'* in 1954.

CR Das 


• A lawyer by profession, he defended Aurobindo in the Alipur Bomb Conspiracy case.*

• He was the member of the Congress Enquiry Committee set up to look into Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

• He founded the All India Swaraj Party in 1923.*

• He was elected as the first Mayor of the Calcutta Co-operation in 1924.

• He prepared the "Das Formula" *for Hindu-Muslim Co-operation.

• He was nicknamed as Deshbandhu* Chittaranjan.

• His works include the following:- 

1) Malancha (poems)

2) Mala 

3) Kishore-Kishoree 

4) Sagar-Sangit 

5) Antaryami 

Newspapers/JournalNarayana (Bengali monthly) and Forward.

Dadabhai Naoroji 


First to demandSwaraj” *in the Calcutta Session of INC, 1906.

• Title — “Indian Gladstone”, “Grand Old Man of lndia’.*

First Indian to be selected to the “House of Commons” on Liberal Party ticket.*

• He highlighted the draining of wealth* from India by the British and its effect in his book “Poverty and un-British Rule in India “(1901).*

Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar


Leader of the depressed class and an eminent jurist.

• He founded the Depressed Classes Institute (1924)* and Samaj Samata Sangh (1927)*.

• He set up a network college in the name of Peoples Education Society.*

Participated in all the Three Round Table Conferences* and signed the Poona Pact with Gandhiji in 1932.*

• He was in the Governor General's Executive Council from 1942 to 1946 and organized the Indian Labour Party* and Scheduled Caste Federation*.

Chairman of the Drafting Committee of Indian Constitution.***

• As the first Law Minister of Independent India*, he introduced the Hindu Code Bill.*

• He started ‘The Republican Party’ in 1956.*

• Towards the end of his life, he embraced Buddhism.

Dr Rajendra Prasad 


• Participated in the following:-

1) Swadeshi Movement (established Bihari Students, Conference)

2) Champaran Satyagrah

3)  NCM

4) CDM

5) Quit India Movement.

Founded the National College at Patna.*

Minister in charge or Food and Agriculture in the Interim Government *(1946).

President of the Constituent Assembly.*

First President of the Indian Republic.*

• Honoured with ‘Bharat Ratna' in 1962.*

• Newspaper — Desh (Hindi weekly).

Dr Zakir Hussain


• An educationist and nationalist from Hyderabad, Hussain was the student of Mohammedan Anglo-Oriented College at Aligarh.

• He was appointed as the Vice-Chancellor of Jamia University at the age of 29 years.

• In 1937, he participated in the National Conference on Education in Wardha.

• He was elected to the post of vice-Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University in 1948 and was selected to the executive board of the UNESCO*.

• He served as the 3rd President of Indian Union* and was honoured with Bharat Ratna in 1963.*

• He translated Plato’s Republic and Edwin Cannan’s Elementary Political Economy also wrote a book titled Die Botschaft des Mahatma Gandhi in German. The Dynamic University contains his addresses during the convocation ceremonies. He also wrote a book on short stories for children, named Ruqayya Rehana.

Dhondo Keshav Karve


• A social reformer and educationalist who worked for the upliftment of women.

• He founded the Vidhva Vivahottejak Mandali (Society for the promotion of widow remarriage) in 1893 which was named as Vidhwa Vivaha Pratibandh Nivarak Mandali in 1895.


• Other institutions include-

1) Mahisasuramardini (home for widows) 

2) Mahila Vidyalaya.

3) Nishkam Karma Math Monastery of Disinterested Work .

4) Indian Women’s University 

5) Samata Sangh 

• He was awarded Padma Vibhushan' and ‘Bharat Ratna*

Dinbandhu Mitra 


• He was a Bengali writer who highlighted the cause of Indigo planters through his play ‘Neel Darpan Natakam’*, published in 1860.

• The play was translated in English by Madhu Sudan Dutt.

Durgabai Deshmukh 


• She was popularly known as “Iron Lady.”

• She organized Salt Satyagrah during CDM in Madras and was imprisoned.

• She was a member of the Constituent Assembly.

• She was awarded the Tamrapatra and Paul Hoffman Award after independence in recognition to her service to the society.

• Her social works include the establishment of 

1) Andhra Mahila Sabha (1941)

2) Andhra Education Society

3) Sri Venkateswar College in the Delhi University

4) Central Society welfare Board 

• She also edited the journal Andhra Mahila.

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